Default htaccess WordPress dan WordPress Multisite

Standar single web WordPress file .htaccess

# BEGIN WordPress

RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

# END WordPress

WordPress Multisite .htaccess

# BEGIN WordPress Multisite
# Using subfolder network type: https://wordpress.org/documentation/article/htaccess/#multisite

RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]

# add a trailing slash to /wp-admin
RewriteRule ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+/)?wp-admin$ $1wp-admin/ [R=301,L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d
RewriteRule ^ - [L]
RewriteRule ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+/)?(wp-(content|admin|includes).*) $2 [L]
RewriteRule ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+/)?(.*\.php)$ $2 [L]
RewriteRule . index.php [L]

# END WordPress Multisite

Contoh file htaccess untuk WordPress Multisite dengan subdomain

# BEGIN WordPress Multisite
# Using subdomain network type: https://wordpress.org/documentation/article/htaccess/#multisite

RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]

# add a trailing slash to /wp-admin
RewriteRule ^wp-admin$ wp-admin/ [R=301,L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d
RewriteRule ^ - [L]
RewriteRule ^(wp-(content|admin|includes).*) $1 [L]
RewriteRule ^(.*\.php)$ $1 [L]
RewriteRule . index.php [L]

# END WordPress Multisite

.htaccess (Hypertext Access) adalah file konfigurasi untuk server web Apache atau Apache Nginx (reverse proxy) yang digunakan untuk mengatur perilaku website tanpa harus mengubah konfigurasi utama server.

Fungsi utama .htaccess:

1. Redirect URL — mengarahkan pengunjung dari satu halaman atau domain ke halaman lain.
2. URL Rewriting — membuat URL lebih rapi dan SEO-friendly (misal: /produk/123 jadi /produk/nama-produk).
3. Proteksi Akses — membatasi akses ke folder atau file tertentu dengan password atau IP.
4. Error Handling — menampilkan halaman khusus untuk error seperti 404 (halaman tidak ditemukan).
5. Caching dan Kompresi — mempercepat loading website dengan mengatur cache browser dan kompresi file.
6. HTTPS Redirect — memaksa semua pengunjung menggunakan koneksi aman (SSL/HTTPS).

Singkatnya, .htaccess membantu mengontrol perilaku website di level folder, tanpa perlu akses langsung ke konfigurasi utama server Apache.